مُوسَى الرِّضَا عليهما السلام ثَلَاثَةٌ مُوَكَّلٌ بِهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ تَحَامُلُ الْأَيَّامِ عَلَی ذَوِي الْأَدَوَاتِ الْكَامِلَةِ وَ اسْتِيلَاءُ الْحِرْمَانِ عَلَى الْمُتَقَدِّمِ فِي صَنَعْتِهِ وَ مُعَادَاةُ الْعَوَامِّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَعْرِفَةِ.
Imam al-Rida, peace be upon him, said to me: Three things are charged with three: the harshness of the times upon those complete in intellect, knowledge and generosity; the prevailing of deprivation upon one who has taken the lead in some work; and the hostility of the common people towards the people of understanding and insight.
بيان: قال الفيروزآبادي تحامل عليه كلفه ما لا يطيقه و الأدوات الكاملة كالعقل و العلم و السخاء من الكمالات التي هي وسائل السعادات أو الأعم منها و مما هو من الكمالات الدنيوية كالمناصب و الأموال أي يحمل الأيام و أهلها عليهم فوق طاقتهم و يلتمسون منهم من ذلك ما لا يطيقون و يحتمل أن يكون المراد جور الناس على أهل الحق و مغلوبيتهم.
Al-Fayruzabadi says: "tahamala 'alayhi" means to burden someone with what he cannot bear. "Al-adawat al-kamila" means either generosity and those perfections that are the instruments of happiness, or it is more general, comprising both those perfections and worldly ones such as office and wealth — that is, the age and its people impose unbearable things upon those who possess perfection and demand of them what is beyond their power. It may also mean that people wrong the people of truth and prevail over them.
«6»- ضه، روضة الواعظين ل، الخصال لي، الأمالي للصدوق سَيَجِی ءُ فِي خَبَرِ الْحُقُوقِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عليهما السلام وَ حَقُّ سَائِسِكَ ١ بِالْعِلْمِ التَّعْظِيمُ لَهُ وَ التَّوْقِيرُ لِمَجْلِسِهِ وَ حُسْنُ الِاسْتِمَاعِ إِلَيْهِ وَ الْإِقْبَالُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنْ لَا تَرْفَعَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْتَكَ وَ لَا تُجِيبَ أَحَداً يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ شَيْ ءٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُجِيبُ وَ لَا تُحَدِّثَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ أَحَداً وَ لَا تَغْتَابَ عِنْدَهُ أَحَداً وَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ عَنْهُ إِذَا ذُكِرَ عِنْدَكَ بِسُوءٍ وَ أَنْ تَسْتُرَ عُيُوبَهُ وَ تُظْهِرَ مَنَاقِبَهُ وَ لَا تُجَالِسَ لَهُ عَدُوّاً وَ لَا تُعَادِيَ لَهُ وَلِيّاً فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ شَهِدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّهِ بِأَنَّكَ قَصَدْتَهُ وَ تَعَلَّمْتَ عِلْمَهُ لِلَّهِ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ لَا لِلنَّاسِ.
Rawdat al-Wa'izin, al-Khisal and Amali of al-Saduq: In the hadith of the rights, which will come later, it is related from Imam Zayn al-'Abidin, peace be upon him, that he said: The right of your teacher upon you is that you honour and revere his assembly, listen well to him, turn towards him, not raise your voice over him, not answer a question put to him until he himself answers, not converse with anyone in his presence, and not backbite anyone before him. If ill is spoken of him, defend him; conceal his faults and make known his merits; do not sit with his enemy nor show enmity to his friend. When you do this, God's angels will bear witness for you that you turned to him and learned knowledge for the sake of God, exalted be His name, and not for people's sake.
«7»- ل، الخصال مع، معاني الأخبار ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله غَرِيبَتَانِ فَاحْتَمِلُوهُمَا كَلِمَةُ حِكْمَةٍ مِنْ سَفِيهٍ فَاقْبَلُوهَا وَ كَلِمَةُ سَفَهٍ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ فَاغْفِرُوهَا.
Al-Khisal and Ma'ani al-Akhbar: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, related from his forefathers, from 'Ali, peace be upon him, that the Messenger of God — may God bless him and his family — said: Two things are strangers that you must receive hospitably: a word of wisdom issuing from a fool — accept it; and a foolish word issuing from a wise man — overlook it.
«8»- ل، الخصال عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَسْوَارِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَشْرَمٍ عَنْ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله إِنَّمَا الْخَوْفُ ٢عَلَى أُمَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ أَنْ يَتَأَوَّلُوا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ أَوْ يَتَّبِعُوا زَلَّةَ الْعَالِمِ أَوْ يَظْهَرَ فِيهِمُ الْمَالُ حَتَّى يَطْغَوْا وَ يَبْطَرُوا وَ سَأُنَبِّئُكُمُ الْمَخْرَجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمَّا الْقُرْآنُ فَاعْمَلُوا بِمُحْكَمِهِ وَ آمِنُوا بِمُتَشَابِهِهِ- وَ أَمَّا الْعَالِمُ فَانْتَظِرُوا فَيْئَهُ ٣ وَ لَا تَتَّبِعُوا زَلَّتَهُ وَ أَمَّا الْمَالُ فَإِنَّ الْمَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ شُكْرُ النِّعْمَةِ وَ أَدَاءُ حَقِّهِ.
Al-Khisal: The Messenger of God — may God bless him and his family — said: I fear three things for my community after my death: that they should interpret the Qur'an otherwise than by its true and sound meaning; or that they should follow the slip and error of a learned man of religion; or that wealth and riches should appear among them so that they grow insolent, dissolute and pleasure-seeking. Now I shall show you the way out of these afflictions: as for the Qur'an, your duty is to act upon its clear verses — those that convey plain practical commands — and to have faith and belief in its ambiguous verses, those that set out the matters of the unseen world, the states of the grave, the Resurrection, Paradise and Hell, whose purport is beyond your imperfect understanding. As for the learned man, wait and watch for his testing and keep an eye on him, and do not follow his slip and error. And as for the wealth and riches of this world, the remedy is gratitude for the blessing and the discharge of its due.