«17»- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ قَالَ: مَا ذَكَرْتُ حَدِيثاً سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عليهما السلام إِلَّا كَادَ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّعَ لَهُ قَلْبِي سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ وَ أُقْسِمُ بِاللَّهِ مَا كَذَبَ عَلَى أَبِيهِ وَ لَا كَذَبَ أَبُوهُ عَلَی جَدِّهِ وَ لَا كَذَبَ جَدُّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله مَنْ عَمِلَ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ وَ أَهْلَكَ وَ مَنْ أَفْتَى النَّاسَ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ النَّاسِخَ مِنَ الْمَنْسُوخِ وَ الْمُحْكَمَ مِنَ الْمُتَشَابِهِ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ وَ أَهْلَكَ ١.

Amali al-Saduq: Ibn Shubruma says: I heard a hadith from al-Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, at the recollection of which my heart is rent. I heard him say: My father related to me from my grandfather, from the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family — and by God he did not ascribe a lie to his father, nor his father to his grandfather, nor his grandfather to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family — that whoever acts by analogy is destroyed and has destroyed others; and whoever gives rulings to people without knowing the abrogating from the abrogated and the firm from the ambiguous is destroyed and has destroyed others.

«18»- لي، الأمالي للصدوق فِي كَلِمَاتِ النَّبِيِّ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله بِرِوَايَةِ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عليه السلام شَرُّ الْأُمُورِ مُحْدَثَاثُهَا.

Amali al-Saduq: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: The worst of matters are innovations.

«19»- فس، تفسير القمي فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِی الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عليه السلام فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَی وَ الَّذِينَ كَسَبُوا السَّيِّئاتِ جَزاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ بِمِثْلِها وَ تَرْهَقُهُمْ ذِلَّةٌ ما لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ عاصِمٍ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ الْبِدَعِ وَ الشُّبُهَاتِ وَ الشَّهَوَاتِ يُسَوِّدُ اللَّهُ وُجُوهَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَلْقَوْنَهُ.

Tafsir al-Qummi: Abu al-Jarud related from Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, concerning the word of God the Exalted: "And those who have earned evil deeds, [let them know that] the recompense of [every] evil is the like of it, and humiliation will cover them. They will have no protector against God" — he said: That group are the people of innovation and of ambiguities and of passions; God will blacken their faces and then cast them into the Fire of Hell.

«20»- فس، تفسير القمي وَ الشُّعَراءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ الْغاوُونَ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي الَّذِينَ غَيَّرُوا دِينَ اللَّهِ وَ خَالَفُوا أَمْرَ اللَّهِ هَلْ رَأَيْتُمْ شَاعِراً قَطُّ يَتَّبِعُهُ أَحَدٌ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ الَّذِينَ وَضَعُوا دِيناً بِآرَائِهِمْ فَتَبِعَهُمُ النَّاسُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.

Tafsir al-Qummi: "And the poets — the deviators follow them." He said: This verse was sent down concerning those who have altered God's religion and opposed God's command. Have you ever seen a poet whom people follow? What is meant by this verse is those who by their own opinions have devised a religion and whom people have followed.

«21»- شی، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ هُمْ قَوْمٌ تَعَلَّمُوا وَ تَفَقَّهُوا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ فَضَلُّوا وَ أَضَلُّوا ٢.

Tafsir al-'Ayyashi: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said in the interpretation of the above verse: They were a people who learned and sought understanding without knowledge, and so went astray and led others astray.

بيان: على هذا التأويل إنما عبر عنهم بالشعراء لأنهم بنوا دينهم و أحكامهم على المقدمات الشعرية الباطلة.

On this interpretation they are referred to as poets because they founded their religion and their rulings upon false poetic premises; on this interpretation they are referred to as poets although they are not poets in the technical sense, since they founded their religion and rulings upon false poetic premises.

«22»- فس، تفسير القمي فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِی الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عليه السلام فِي قَوْلِهِ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمالًا الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَ هُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعاً قَالَ هُمُ النَّصَارَى وَ الْقِسِّيسُونَ وَ الرُّهْبَانُ وَ أَهْلُ الشُّبُهَاتِ وَ الْأَهْوَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَ الْحَرُورِيَّةُ وَ أَهْلُ الْبِدَعِ.

Tafsir al-Qummi: Abu al-Jarud related from Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, concerning the interpretation of this verse: "Shall We inform you of those who are greatest losers in their deeds? [They are] those whose striving in the life of this world has gone astray while they suppose that they are doing good work" — that he said: They are the Christians and the priests and the monks and the people of ambiguity and of following desire from among the people of the qibla, and the Kharijites and the people of innovation.