«46»- مُنْيَةُ الْمُرِيدِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ: الْمُتَشَبِّعُ بِمَا لَمْ يُعْطَ كَلَابِسِ ثَوْبَيْ زُورٍ.
Munyat al-Murid: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, said: For a hungry man to make a show of being full (to display more than he has) is like one who has put on a garment of falsehood.
بيان: قال في النهاية فيه المتشبع بما لا يملك كلابس ثوبي زور أي المتكثر بأكثر مما عنده و يتجمل بذلك كالذي يرى أنه شبعان و ليس كذلك و من فعله فإنما يسخر من نفسه و هو من أفعال ذوي الزور بل هو في نفسه زور أي كذب.
Elucidation: In al-Nihaya it says: "al-mutashabbi' bi-ma la yamlik ka-labis thawbay zur" — that is, one who makes himself full with another's property is like one who has put on a garment of falsehood. That is, one who shows himself richer than what he has and adorns himself with it is like one who thinks he is full while he is hungry. Whoever does such a thing has made a mockery of himself, and this is of the deeds of falsehood — indeed it is falsehood itself.
«47»- مُنْيَةُ الْمُرِيدِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ: مَنْ أَفْتَى بِفُتْيَا مِنْ غَيْرِ تَثَبُّتٍ وَ فِي لَفْظٍ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفْتَاهُ.
Munyat al-Murid: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, said: If someone takes a ruling which the one who gave it issued without the necessary knowledge, the sin of the one who sought the ruling rests upon the one who gave it.
«48»- وَ قَالَ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله أَجْرَؤُكُمْ عَلَى الْفَتْوَى أَجْرَؤُكُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ.
The Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, said: Whoever among you is boldest and most daring in giving rulings and issuing judgements, that person is the boldest towards the Fire of Hell.
«49»- وَ قَالَ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ عَذَاباً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ نَبِيّاً أَوْ قَتَلَهُ نَبِيٌّ أَوْ رَجُلٌ يُضِلُّ النَّاسَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ أَوْ مُصَوِّرٌ يُصَوِّرُ التَّمَاثِيلَ.
The most severely punished of people on the Day of Resurrection are these: 1. One who has killed a prophet. 2. One whom a prophet has killed. 3. One who gives rulings without knowledge and leads people astray. 4. One who draws the image of a living creature.
«50»- و روی عن القاسم بن محمد بن أبي بكر١ أحد فقهاء المدينة المتفق على
When al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, who was one of the jurists of Medina and whose learning and
(١)1- أورد ابن خلّكان ترجمته في «ج 1 من وفيات الأعيان ص 456 ط ايران» و قال: أبو محمّد القاسم بن محمّد بن أبي الصديق نسبه معروف فلا حاجة الی رفعه، كان من سادات التابعين و أحد الفقهاء السبعة بالمدينة، و كان أفضل أهل زمانه، روي عن جماعة من الصحابة رضي اللّٰه عنهم، و روی عنه جماعة من كبار التابعين. قال يحيی بن سعيد: ما أدركنا أحدا نفضّله علی القاسم بن محمّد. و قال مالك: كان القاسم من فقهاء هذه الأمة. و قد تقدم في ترجمة زين العابدين عليّ بن الحسين عليهما السلام أنهما كانا ابني خالة، و أن القاسم بن محمّد والدته ابنة يزدجرد آخر ملوك الفرس و كذلك زين العابدين و سالم بن عمر، و القصة مستوفاة هناك، توفّی سنة احدی او اثنتين و مائة، و قيل: سنة ثمان و قيل: سنة اثنتا عشرة و مائة «بقديد» و كان عمره سبعين سنة او اثنتين و سبعين سنة. و قديد- بضم القاف و فتح الدال المهملة و سكون الياء المثناة من تحتها و بعدها دال مهملة- هو منزل بين مكّة و مدينة. انتهی كلامه. أقول: عده الشيخ من أصحاب السجّاد و الباقر عليهما السلام في رجاله و روی الحميري في قرب الإسناد عن ابن عيسى البزنطي قال: ذكر عند الرضا عليه السلام القاسم بن محمّد خال أبيه و سعيد بن المسيب فقال: كانا على هذا الامر. و قال الكليني في كتابه الأصول الكافي في باب مولد جعفر بن محمّد عليهما السلام: ولد أبو عبد اللّٰه عليه السلام «الى أن قال»: و كان أمّه أمّ فروة بنت القاسم بن محمّد بن أبي بكر، و امها أسماء بنت عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر «ثم قال»: محمّد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمّد، عن عبد اللّٰه بن أحمد، عن إبراهيم بن الحسن قال: حدّثني وهب بن حفص، عن إسحاق بن جرير، قال: قال أبو عبد اللّٰه عليه السلام: كان سعيد بن المسيّب و القاسم بن محمّد بن أبي بكر و أبو خالد الكابلي من ثقاة عليّ بن الحسين عليهما السلام، و كانت امي ممن آمنت و اتقت و أحسنت و اللّٰه يحب المحسنیIbn Khallikan gives his biography in "vol. 1 of Wafayat al-A'yan, p. 456, Iran ed." and says: Abu Muhammad al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr al-Siddiq; his lineage is well known and there is no need to trace it. He was among the chiefs of the Successors and one of the seven jurists of Medina, and the most excellent man of his time. He related from a number of the Companions, may God be pleased with them, and a number of the leading Successors related from him. Yahya b. Sa'id said: We found no one whom we would prefer to al-Qasim b. Muhammad. And Malik said: al-Qasim was one of the jurists of this community. And it came earlier, in the biography of Zayn al-'Abidin 'Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be upon them both, that the two were sons of two sisters, and that the mother of al-Qasim b. Muhammad was a daughter of Yazdegerd, the last king of Persia, and likewise the mother of Zayn al-'Abidin and of Salim b. 'Umar; the story is given in full there. He died in the year 101 or 102, and it is said in the year 108, and it is said in the year 112, at "Qudayd"; and his age was seventy or seventy-two years. "Qudayd" — with damma on the qaf, fatha on the undotted dal, sukun on the ya' with two dots beneath, and after it an undotted dal — is a halting-place between Mecca and Medina. End of his words. I say: the Shaykh counted him in his Rijal among the companions of Imam al-Sajjad and Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon them both; and al-Himyari related in Qurb al-Isnad from Ibn 'Isa al-Bazanti, who said: In the presence of Imam al-Rida, peace be upon him, al-Qasim b. Muhammad — his father's maternal uncle — and Sa'id b. al-Musayyab were mentioned, and he said: The two of them were upon this cause. And al-Kulayni says in al-Usul min al-Kafi, in the chapter on the birth of Ja'far b. Muhammad, peace be upon them both: Abu 'Abd Allah, peace be upon him, was born… and his mother was Umm Farwa, daughter of al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, and her mother was Asma', daughter of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Bakr. Then he says: Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad, from 'Abd Allah b. Ahmad, from Ibrahim b. al-Hasan, who said: Wahb b. Hafs related to me, from Ishaq b. Jarir, who said: Abu 'Abd Allah, peace be upon him, said: Sa'id b. al-Musayyab, al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr and Abu Khalid al-Kabuli were among the trusted men of 'Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be upon them both; and my mother was among those who believed and were God-fearing and did good — and God loves those who do good.