عِنْدَكُمْ بِالْعِرَاقِ وَ لَكُمْ بِهِ خَبَرٌ قَالَ فَأَطْرَاهُ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ وَ قَالَ قَوْلًا عَظِيماً فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فَإِنَّ عَلِيّاً عليه السلام أَبَى أَنْ يُدْخِلَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ الرَّأْيَ وَ أَنْ يَقُولَ فِي شَيْ ءٍ مِنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ بِالرَّأْيِ وَ الْمَقَايِيسِ فَقَالَ أَبُو سَاسَانَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا سَاسَانَ لَمْ يَدَعْنِي صَاحِبُكُمْ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ حَتَّى أَجَبْتُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْ عَلِمَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ مِنْ أَيْنَ هَلَكَ النَّاسُ مَا دَانَ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ وَ لَا عَمِلَ بِهَا.

who was in Iraq and whom you knew — what kind of man was he? Ibn Shubruma greatly exaggerated in praising 'Ali and went beyond all bounds. The Imam said: 'Ali, peace be upon him, refused to bring analogy into God's religion, and likewise he refused to state any question of the religious rulings by opinion and analogy and to judge by it. Abu Sasan says: I came in upon Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, at night. The Imam, peace be upon him, said: Ibn Shubruma did not let me be until I gave him his answer; and if Ibn Shubruma knew by what way people are destroyed, he would not hold analogy lawful nor act upon it.

بيان: الإطراء مجاوزة الحد في المدح.

"Al-itra'" means going beyond all bounds in praise and commendation.

«78»- سن، المحاسن ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ بِدْعَةٍ تَكُونُ بَعْدِي يُكَادُ بِهَا الْإِيمَانُ وَلِيّاً مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي مُوَكَّلًا بِهِ يَذُبُّ عَنْهُ يَنْطِقُ بِإِلْهَامٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ يُعْلِنُ الْحَقَّ وَ يُنَوِّرُهُ وَ يَرُدُّ كَيْدَ الْكَائِدِينَ وَ يُعَبِّرُ عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ وَ تَوَكَّلُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ.

Mu'awiya b. Wahb says: I heard Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, say: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, said: For God, at every innovation that comes after me and causes faith to vanish, there is a guardian and deputy from my People of the House who defends religion and faith. He speaks by God's inspiration, makes the truth manifest, rejects the deception of the deceivers, and speaks on behalf of those who are unable to defend religion.

بيان: قوله يكاد من الكيد بمعنى المكر و الخدعة و الحرب و يحتمل أن يكون المراد أن يزول بها الإيمان و قوله عليه السلام و يعبر عن الضعفاء أي يتكلم من جانب الضعفاء العاجزين عن دفع الفتن و الشبه الحادثة في الدين.

"Yukad" is from "kayd", meaning guile, deception and war; and it is possible that what is meant is something by which faith vanishes. "Wa yu'abbiru 'an al-du'afa'" means he speaks on behalf of the weak who are unable to repel the discords and ambiguities that have arisen in religion.

«79»- سن، المحاسن أَبِي عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عليه السلام قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عليه السلام لَا رَأْيَ فِي الدِّينِ.

Al-Mahasin: Talha b. Zayd relates from Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, that he said: 'Ali, peace be upon him, said: In religion there is no opinion and no analogy.

«80»- سن، المحاسن أَبِي عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام يَقُولُ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْمَقَايِيسِ طَلَبُوا الْعِلْمَ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ فَلَمْ تَزِدْهُمُ الْمَقَايِيسُ مِنَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا بُعْداً وَ إِنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ لَا يُصَابُ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ.

Al-Mahasin: Ibn Shayba says: I heard Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, say: The people of analogy seek knowledge by way of analogy, and this act has no result but distance from the truth, for in God's religion no analogy is used.

«81»- سن، المحاسن أَبِي عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَيْحَكَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَاسَ إِبْلِيسُ فَلَمَّا أَمَرَهُ بِالسُّجُودِ لآِدَمَ قَالَ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نارٍ وَ خَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ

Al-Mahasin: Hammad b. 'Isa relates from some of his companions that Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said to Abu Hanifa: Woe to you! The first to use analogy was Iblis, who, when he was commanded to prostrate to Adam, said: "You created me from fire and created him from clay."

«82»- سن، المحاسن ابْنُ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عليه السلام قَالَ: خَطَبَ عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عليه السلام النَّاسَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا بَدْءُ وُقُوعِ الْفِتَنِ أَهْوَاءٌ تُتَّبَعُ وَ أَحْكَامٌ تُبْتَدَعُ يُخَالَفُ فِيهَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ يُقَلِّدُ فِيهَا رِجَالٌ رِجَالًا وَ لَوْ أَنَّ الْبَاطِلَ

Al-Mahasin: Muhammad b. Muslim relates from Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, that 'Ali, peace be upon him, said in his address: O people! The beginning of discords is the following of desire and innovation in the rulings that is contrary to the Book of God. People imitate one another.