«73»- كش، رجال الكشي جَبْرَئِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ الْقَصِيرِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام ائْتِ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُرَيْداً وَ قُلْ لَهُمَا مَا هَذِهِ الْبِدْعَةُ أَ مَا عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ كُلُّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ مِنْهُمَا فَأَرْسَلَ مَعِي لَيْثَ الْمُرَادِيِّ فَأَتَيْنَا زُرَارَةَ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ مَا قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَعْطَانِيَ الِاسْتِطَاعَةَ وَ مَا شَعَرَ وَ أَمَّا بُرَيْدٌ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَرْجِعُ عَنْهَا أَبَداً.
Rijal al-Kashshi: 'Abd al-Rahim al-Qasir says: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: Go and tell Zurara and Burayd: What is this innovation? Do you not know that the Prophet, may God bless him and his family, said: Every innovation is misguidance? I said: I am afraid of them. The Imam sent Layth al-Muradi with me. We conveyed the Imam's message to the two of them. Zurara said: By God! Unknowingly he has granted me capacity. But Burayd said: In my own view I shall never turn back.
بيان: كان بدعتهما في القول بالاستطاعة و سيأتي تحقيقها.
Their innovation concerned the matter of "capacity", the investigation of which will come shortly.
«74»- ختص، الإختصاص عَلَاءٌ ١ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عليه السلام ٢ يَقُولُ لَا دِينَ لِمَنْ دَانَ بِطَاعَةِ مَنْ يَعْصِي اللَّهَ وَ لَا دِينَ لِمَنْ دَانَ بِفِرْيَةِ بَاطِلٍ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ لَا دِينَ لِمَنْ دَانَ بِجُحُودِ شَيْ ءٍ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ.
Al-Ikhtisas: Muhammad says: I heard Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, say: He has no religion who makes his religion by obeying one who disobeys God. He has no religion who makes his religion by falsehood and untruth against God. He has no religion who makes his religion by denying anything of the signs of God.
أقول: قال أبو الفتح الكراجكي في كنز الفوائد بعد إقامة الدلائل على مخاصم كان يجوز القياس في الشرعيات و لو فرضنا جواز تكليف العباد بالقياس في السمعيات لم يكن بد من ورود السمع بذلك إما في القرآن أو في صحيح الأخبار و في خلو السمع من تعلق التكليف به دلالة على أن اللّٰه تعالى لم يكلف خلقه به قال فإنا نجد ذلك في آيات القرآن و صحيح الأخبار قال اللّٰه عز و جل فَاعْتَبِرُوا يا أُولِي الْأَبْصارِ ٣ فأوجب الاعتبار و هو الاستدلال و القياس و قال فَجَزاءٌ مِثْلُ ما قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ ٤ فأوجب بالمماثلة المقايسة
I say: Abu al-Fath al-Karajuki in Kanz al-Fawa'id, after setting out proofs against an opponent who held analogy permissible in matters of the law, says: If we suppose that the servants have been charged with analogy and with acting upon it, there would certainly have had to be a definite legal proof from the noble Qur'an or from sound reports on this matter. And this very absence of transmitted proof for the permissibility of acting upon analogy is a proof that God the Exalted has not charged His creatures with it. That opponent answered: We have both a Qur'anic verse and sound reports concerning the permissibility of acting upon analogy. God, Mighty and Majestic, said: "So take heed, O you who have eyes" — and in this verse He has made the taking of heed obligatory, and what is meant is precisely argument by analogy. And again He said: "Then a recompense of the like of what he killed, of the cattle, as two just men among you shall judge" — and He has made the likeness of the expiation necessary by the ruling of analogy, and this verse is evidence for the authority of analogy. And as for the narration related from the Prophet, may God bless him and his family: when he sent Mu'adh to Yemen (to be its governor) he said to him: By what will you judge? He answered: By the noble Qur'an, which is the Book of God. He said: If you do not find the ruling in the Book of God? He answered: By the practice of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, and according to the ruling he gave. He said: And if you do not find it in the practice of the Messenger of God either? He said: By my own exertion, that I may derive my opinion and give judgement.
وَ رُوِیَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله لَمَّا أَرْسَلَ مَعَاذاً إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَالَ لَهُ بِمَا ذَا تَقْضِي قَالَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي فَقَالَ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِمَا يَرْضَاهُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ.
He said: Praise be to God who has granted success to the envoy of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, in what pleases God and His Messenger.
وَ رُوِیَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عليهما السلام أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ فَقِيلَ بِمَا ذَا كَانَ يَحْكُمُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عليه السلام قَالَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ رَجَمَ فَأَصَابَ.
And it is related from al-Hasan b. 'Ali, peace be upon them, that he was asked: By what did the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, judge? He said: By the Book of God; and if he did not find it, by the practice of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family; and if he did not find it, he gave his opinion, and his opinion was correct and he reached the truth.
فهذا كله دليل على صحة القياس و الأخذ بالاجتهاد و الظن و الرأي
And all this is evidence for the soundness of analogy and of taking to exertion, probability and opinion.