«4»- مع، معاني الأخبار بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ حُرٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام قَالَ: الْكِبْرُ أَنْ يَغْمِصَ النَّاسَ وَ يَسْفَهَ الْحَقَّ.
Ma'ani al-Akhbar: 'Abd al-A'la says: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: "Pride" is that a man look upon people with the eye of contempt and count the truth as lowly and of no worth, and not see it as it truly is.
«5»- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِی عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله إِنَّ أَعْظَمَ الْكِبْرِ غَمْصُ الْخَلْقِ وَ سَفَهُ الْحَقِّ قُلْتُ وَ مَا غَمْصُ الْخَلْقِ وَ سَفَهُ الْحَقِّ قَالَ يَجْهَلُ الْحَقَّ وَ يَطْعُنُ عَلَی أَهْلِهِ وَ مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ نَازَعَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي رِدَائِهِ.
Ma'ani al-Akhbar: 'Abd al-A'la b. A'yan says: Imam al-Sadiq related from his noble forefathers, peace be upon them, that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, said: The greatest arrogance is to count the creatures as lowly and to make light of the truth. I said: What is counting the creation lowly and making light of the truth? He said: That before the truth he plays the fool, and reviles the people of truth; and whoever does so has risen against the majesty of God, mighty and exalted.
«6»- مع، معاني الأخبار مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ بَقَّاحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام قَالَ: مَنْ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ مُبَرَّأً مِنَ الْكِبْرِ غُفِرَ ذَنْبُهُ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الْكِبْرُ قَالَ غَمْصُ الْخَلْقِ وَ سَفَهُ الْحَقِّ قُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ ذَاكَ قَالَ يَجْهَلُ الْحَقَّ وَ يَطْعُنُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ.
Ma'ani al-Akhbar: 'Abd al-Malik says: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: Whoever enters Mecca free of "pride", his sins are forgiven. I said: What is pride? He said: Counting people lowly and making the truth contemptible. I said: How is that? He said: Playing the fool before the truth and crushing the people of truth.
أقول: قال الصدوق رحمة اللّٰه عليه بعد هذا الخبر في كتاب الخليل بن أحمد يقال فلان غمص الناس و غمص النعمة إذا تهاون بها و بحقوقهم و يقال إنه لمغموص عليه في دينه أي مطعون عليه و قد غمص النعمة و العافية إذا لم يشكرها قال أبو عبيدة في قوله عليه السلام سفه الحق هو أن يرى الحق سفها و جهلا و قال اللّٰه تبارك و تعالى وَ مَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ إِبْراهِيمَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ و قال بعض المفسرين إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ يقول سفهها و أما قوله غمص الناس فإنه الاحتقار لهم و الإزراء بهم و ما أشبه ذلك قال و فيه لغة أخرى غير هذا الحديث و غمص بالصاد غير معجمة و هو بمعنى غمط و الغمص في العين و القطعة منه غمصة و الغميصاء كوكب و المغمص في المعاء غلظة و تقطيع و وجع.
I say: Al-Shaykh al-Saduq said after this report: al-Khalil b. Ahmad said in his book: "fulanun ghamasa al-nasa wa ghamasa al-ni'mata" is said when someone counts a blessing and people's rights as lowly and trifling. And it is said: "innahu la-maghmusun 'alayhi fi dinihi" — that is, he is reviled and blamed in his religion. "Wa qad ghamasa al-ni'mata wa al-'afiyata" is used when someone does not give thanks for the blessing of health. Abu 'Ubayd said concerning the Imam's words "safiha al-khalq" that it is when he regards the truth with indifference and ignorance; and God, blessed and exalted, has said: "And who turns away from the creed of Abraham save one who makes a fool of himself?" One of the commentators said that "man safiha nafsahu" means he declares his own lightness and worthlessness. And the Imam's words "ghamasa al-nas" mean counting them small and of no worth, and the like. He added that there is another usage of it outside this hadith: "ghamasa" in the sense of "ghamata", that is, to despise someone and not give thanks for a blessing. And "ghamas" is in the eye, and some call it "ghamsa"; and "al-Ghumaysa'" is the name of a star; and "ghamas" is a griping, tearing pain in the bowels.
بيان: قال الجزري فيه إنما البغى من سفه الحق أي من جهله و قيل جهل نفسه و لم يفكر فيها و في الكلام محذوف تقديره إنما البغي فعل من سفه الحق و السفه في الأصل الخفة و الطيش و سفه فلان رأيه إذا كان مضطربا لا استقامة له و السفيه الجاهل و رواه الزمخشري من سفه الحق على أنه اسم مضاف إلى الحق قال و فيها وجهان أحدهما أن يكون على حذف الجار و إيصال الفعل كأن الأصل سفه على الحق و الثاني أن يضمن معنى فعل متعد كجهل و المعنى الاستخفاف بالحق و أن لا يراه
Elucidation: Al-Jazari says: "innama al-baghyu min safiha al-haqq" — that is, one who is ignorant of it; and it is said: one who is ignorant of himself and does not reflect upon himself. In the wording there is an omission, its implied sense being "innama al-baghyu fi'lu man safiha al-haqq": "baghy" is only the act of one who does not know the truth. "Al-safah" in origin means lightness and agitation. "Safiha fulanun ra'yahu" is used when a person is not steadfast but agitated. A "safih" is one who is called ignorant. Al-Zamakhshari said: its origin is "safiha al-haqq", where the noun is annexed to "al-haqq", and it has two aspects: