وَ التَّحَرُّجُ وَ الْيَقِينُ وَ حُبُّ النَّجَاةِ وَ طَاعَةُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَ تَعْظِيمُ الْبُرْهَانِ وَ اجْتِنَابُ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ الْإِجَابَةُ لِلْعَدْلِ وَ قَوْلُ الْحَقِّ فَهَذَا مَا أَصَابَ الْعَاقِلُ بِمُدَاوَمَةِ الْخَيْرِ فَطُوبَى لِمَنْ ذَكَرَ مَا أَمَامَهُ وَ ذَكَرَ قِيَامَهُ وَ اعْتَبَرَ بِالْفَنَاءِ وَ أَمَّا كَرَاهِيَةُ الشَّرِّ فَيَتَشَعَّبُ مِنْهُ الْوَقَارُ وَ الصَّبْرُ وَ النَّصْرُ وَ الِاسْتِقَامَةُ عَلَى الْمِنْهَاجِ وَ الْمُدَاوَمَةُ عَلَى الرَّشَادِ وَ الْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَ التَّوَفُّرُ وَ الْإِخْلَاصُ وَ تَرْكُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ وَ الْمُحَافَظَةُ عَلَى مَا يَنْفَعُهُ فَهَذَا مَا أَصَابَ الْعَاقِلُ بِالْكَرَاهِيَةِ لِلشَّرِّ فَطُوبَى لِمَنْ أَقَامَ الْحَقَّ لِلَّهِ وَ تَمَسَّكَ بِعُرَى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ أَمَّا طَاعَةُ النَّاصِحِ فَيَتَشَعَّبُ مِنْهَا الزِّيَادَةُ فِي الْعَقْلِ وَ كَمَالُ اللُّبِّ وَ مَحْمَدَةُ الْعَوَاقِبِ وَ النَّجَاةُ مِنَ اللَّوْمِ وَ الْقَبُولُ وَ الْمَوَدَّةُ وَ الْإِسْرَاجُ وَ الْإِنْصَافُ وَ التَّقَدُّمُ فِي الْأُمُورِ وَ الْقُوَّةُ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ فَطُوبَى لِمَنْ سَلِمَ مِنْ مَصَارِعِ الْهَوَى فَهَذِهِ الْخِصَالُ كُلُّهَا يَتَشَعَّبُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ قَالَ شَمْعُونُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَعْلَامِ الْجَاهِلِ ١فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله إِنْ صَحِبْتَهُ عَنَّاكَ وَ إِنِ اعْتَزَلْتَهُ شَتَمَكَ وَ إِنْ أَعْطَاكَ مَنَّ عَلَيْكَ وَ إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَهُ كَفَرَكَ وَ إِنْ أَسْرَرْتَ إِلَيْهِ خَانَكَ وَ إِنْ أَسَرَّ إِلَيْكَ اتَّهَمَكَ وَ إِنِ اسْتَغْنَى بَطِرَ ٢وَ كَانَ فَظّاً غَلِيظاً وَ إِنْ افْتَقَرَ جَحَدَ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ يَتَحَرَّجْ وَ إِنْ فَرِحَ أَسْرَفَ وَ طَغَى وَ إِنْ حَزِنَ آيَسَ وَ إِنْ ضَحِكَ فَهِقَ وَ إِنْ بَكَى خَارَ يَقَعُ فِي الْأَبْرَارِ وَ لَا يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يُرَاقِبُهُ وَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ لَا يَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ أَرْضَيْتَهُ مَدَحَكَ وَ قَالَ فِيكَ مِنَ الْحَسَنَةِ مَا لَيْسَ فِيكَ وَ إِنْ سَخِطَ عَلَيْكَ ذَهَبَتْ مِدْحَتُهُ وَ وَقَّعَ فِيكَ مِنَ السُّوءِ مَا لَيْسَ فِيكَ فَهَذَا مَجْرَى الْجَاهِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ عَلَامَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله الْإِيمَانُ وَ الْعِلْمُ وَ الْعَمَلُ قَالَ فَمَا عَلَامَةُ الْإِيمَانِ وَ مَا عَلَامَةُ الْعِلْمِ وَ مَا عَلَامَةُ الْعَمَلِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله أَمَّا عَلَامَةُ الْإِيمَانِ فَأَرْبَعَةٌ الْإِقْرَارُ بِتَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ وَ الْإِيمَانُ بِهِ وَ الْإِيمَانُ بِكُتُبِهِ وَ الْإِيمَانُ

and scrupulous avoidance of sin, certainty, love of deliverance, obedience to the Merciful, the magnifying of the proof, the shunning of Satan, the answering of justice, and the speaking of truth. This is what the man of intellect attains through perseverance in good. So blessed is he who remembers what is before him, and remembers his standing, and takes a lesson from passing away. As for hatred of evil, there branches from it dignity, patience, victory, steadfastness upon the highroad, perseverance in right guidance, faith in God, abundance, sincerity, the leaving of what does not concern him, and vigilance over what benefits him. This is what the man of intellect attains through hatred of evil. So blessed is he who establishes the truth for God and holds fast to the handles of God's path. As for obedience to the sincere counsellor, there branches from it increase in intellect, completeness of understanding, praiseworthy outcomes, deliverance from blame, acceptance, love, illumination, equity, precedence in affairs, and strength for the obedience of God. So blessed is he who is safe from the places where caprice throws men down. So these qualities, all of them, branch from the intellect. Sham'un said: Then tell me of the marks of the ignorant (1). So the Messenger of God — may God bless him and his family — said: If you keep his company he wearies you; if you withdraw from him he reviles you; if he gives you he reproaches you with it; if you give him he is ungrateful to you; if you confide in him he betrays you; if he confides in you he accuses you; if he becomes rich he grows insolent (2) and is coarse and harsh; if he becomes poor he denies God's blessing and is not scrupulous; if he rejoices he goes to excess and is overweening; if he grieves he despairs; if he laughs he brays; if he weeps he bellows. He falls upon the righteous, and does not love God nor watch for Him, nor is he ashamed before God nor does he remember Him. If you please him he praises you and ascribes to you of good what is not in you; and if he is displeased with you his praise departs and he ascribes to you of evil what is not in you. This is the course of the ignorant. He said: Then tell me of the mark of Islam. So the Messenger of God — may God bless him and his family — said: Faith, knowledge and action. He said: Then what is the mark of faith, and what is the mark of knowledge, and what is the mark of action? So the Messenger of God — may God bless him and his family — said: As for the mark of faith, it is four: the acknowledgement of God's oneness, faith in Him, faith in His books, and faith