وصفه بلسانه و قال سبحانه وَ لا تَقْفُ ما لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ الآية ١ و نحن نعلم أن القائس معول على الظن دون العلم.
And God the Exalted says: "And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge; truly the hearing, the sight and the heart — all of these will be questioned."
و أما الأخبار
"And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge; truly the hearing, the sight and the heart — all of these will be questioned." And we know that the one who uses analogy relies upon supposition and not upon knowledge, and supposition is other than knowledge. Do you not know that [knowledge and supposition] do not come together in one and the same thing, and that one and the same thing cannot be both known and supposed? These Qur'anic verses are sufficient for the falsity of analogy.
فَمِنْهُ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله سَتَفْتَرِقُ أُمَّتِي عَلَی بِضْعٍ وَ سَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً أَعْظَمُهَا فِتْنَةً عَلَى أُمَّتِي قَوْمٌ يَقِيسُونَ الْأُمُورَ بِرَأْيِهِمْ فَيُحَرِّمُونَ الْحَلَالَ وَ يُحَلِّلُونَ الْحَرَامَ.
Among them is the word of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family: My community will soon split into seventy-odd sects; the most seditious of all against my community will be a people who measure every matter by their own opinion and make the lawful unlawful and the unlawful lawful.
وَ قَوْلُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عليه السلام إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْقِيَاسَ فِي الْأَحْكَامِ فَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَاسَ إِبْلِيسُ.
And the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: Beware of analogy in the rulings, for the first to use analogy was Iblis.
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ عليه السلام إِيَّاكُمْ وَ تَقَحُّمَ الْمَهَالِكِ بِاتِّبَاعِ الْهَوَى وَ الْمَقَايِيسِ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْقُرْآنِ أَهْلًا أَغْنَاكُمْ بِهِمْ عَنْ جَمِيعِ الْخَلَائِقِ لَا عِلْمَ إِلَّا مَا أُمِرُوا بِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَسْئَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ ٢ إِيَّانَا عَنَى.
Al-Imam al-Sadiq Ja'far b. Muhammad, peace be upon them, said: Beware of plunging into destructions by following desire and analogies. God has appointed for the Qur'an its own people and scholars and has made you independent of all people, and there is no knowledge except what they command. God has said: "And We sent before you none but men to whom We revealed; so ask the people of the Reminder if you do not know,"
و جميع أهل البيت عليهم السلام أفتوا بتحريم القياس و روی عن سلمان رحمة اللّٰه عليه أنه قال ما هلكت أمة حتى قاست في دينها ٣و كان ابن مسعود يقول هلك القائسون.
"And We sent before you none but men to whom We revealed; so ask the people of the Reminder if you do not know." And what is meant by the people of the Reminder is us. And all the People of the House of the Prophet, may God bless him and his family, have given the ruling that analogy is unlawful.
و قد روى هشام بن عروة عن أبيه قال كان أمر بني إسرائيل لم يزل معتدلا حتى نشأ فيهم أبناء سبايا الأمم فقالوا فيهم بالرأي فأضلوهم.
It is related from Salman al-Farisi, may God be pleased with him, that he said: No community was destroyed until it used analogy in its religion. Ibn Mas'ud used to say: The people of analogy are destroyed. And it is related from Hisham b. 'Urwa, who said on the authority of his father: The affair of the Children of Israel remained always upright until the sons of the captives of other nations grew up among them and spread among them speaking by opinion, and led them astray.
و قال ابن عيينة فما زال أمر الناس مستقيما حتى نشأ فيهم ربيعة الرأي بالمدينة و أبو حنيفة بالكوفة و عثمان بالبصرة و أفتوا الناس و فتنوهم فنظرناهم فإذا هم أولاد سبايا الأمم و في هذا القدر من الأخبار غنى عن الإطالة و الإكثار.
Ibn 'Uyayna said: The affair of the Muslim people remained always upright and sound until Rabi'at al-Ra'y appeared in Medina, Abu Hanifa in Kufa and 'Uthman in Basra, and gave rulings to the people and led them astray; and we reflected upon them, and all of them are the children of captives of other nations. And this much of the reports is enough and makes one independent of lengthy and excessive speech.
«75»- نهج، نهج البلاغة قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عليه السلام اعْلَمُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يَسْتَحِلُّ الْعَامَ مَا اسْتَحَلَّ عَاماً أَوَّلَ وَ يُحَرِّمُ الْعَامَ مَا حَرَّمَ عَاماً أَوَّلَ وَ أَنَّ مَا أَحْدَثَ النَّاسُ لَا يُحِلُّ لَكُمْ شَيْئاً مِمَّا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ لَكِنَّ الْحَلَالَ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ وَ الْحَرَامَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَقَدْ جَرَّبْتُمُ الْأُمُورَ وَ ضَرَّسْتُمُوهَا وَ وُعِظْتُمْ بِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ ضُرِبَتِ الْأَمْثَالُ لَكُمْ وَ دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى الْأَمْرِ الْوَاضِحِ فَلَا يَصَمُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَصَمُّ وَ لَا يَعْمَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَعْمَى وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ اللَّهُ بِالْبَلَاءِ وَ التَّجَارِبِ لَمْ يَنْتَفِعْ بِشَيْ ءٍ مِنَ الْعِظَةِ وَ أَتَاهُ التَّقْصِيرُ مِنْ أَمَامِهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَ مَا أَنْكَرَ وَ يُنْكِرَ مَا عَرَفَ وَ إِنَّمَا النَّاسُ رَجُلَانِ مُتَّبِعٌ شِرْعَةً وَ مُتَّبِعٌ بِدْعَةً لَيْسَ مَعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ بُرْهَانُ سُنَّةٍ وَ لَا ضِيَاءُ حُجَّةٍ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ لَمْ يَعِظْ أَحَداً بِمِثْلِ الْقُرْآنِ
Nahj al-Balagha: The Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: O servants of God! Know that the believer is one who holds God's lawful lawful now and God's unlawful unlawful now; and whatever people have altered by innovations makes nothing of the unlawful lawful, for the lawful is what God has made lawful and the unlawful is what God has counted unlawful. You have learned by experience in the affairs and events of the age and have taken admonition from the history of those who went before. Parables have been struck for you and you have been called to a clear matter. None but the deaf claims not to hear the truth, and none but the blind and the blind of heart claims not to see realities. Whoever has gained no benefit from God-given trials and experiences will gain no benefit from any admonition or counsel, and shortsightedness will overtake him, to the point that he sees the bad as good and the good as bad. And truly people are of two kinds: a group who follow the law and religion, and some who are innovators, having no proof from God of the Prophet's practice and no light of the demonstrations of truth.