باب 9 استعمال العلم و الإخلاص في طلبه و تشديد الأمر على العالم

Chapter 9: Putting knowledge into practice, sincerity in seeking it, and the weight of the charge upon the scholar

الآيات؛

The verses:

البقرة: «أَ تَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتابَ أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ»(44)

al-Baqara: "Do you bid people to righteousness and forget yourselves, while you recite the Book? Do you not then understand?"

آل عمران: «وَ لكِنْ كُونُوا رَبَّانِيِّينَ بِما كُنْتُمْ تُعَلِّمُونَ الْكِتابَ وَ بِما كُنْتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَ»(79)

Al 'Imran: "Rather [he should say]: Be men of God, because you have been teaching the Book and because you have been studying it."

الشعراء: «وَ الشُّعَراءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ الْغاوُونَ أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّهُمْ فِي كُلِّ وادٍ يَهِيمُونَ وَ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ ما لا يَفْعَلُونَ»(224 ،225 ،226)

al-Shu'ara': "And the poets — the deluded follow them. Have you not seen that they wander distracted in every valley, and that they say what they do not do?"

الزمر: «فَبَشِّرْ عِبادِ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ أُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَداهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ أُولئِكَ هُمْ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ»(17 ،18)

al-Zumar: "And those who shun the worship of false gods, lest they serve them, and turn in repentance to God — for them are glad tidings. So give glad tidings to those servants of Mine who listen to the word and follow the best of it. Those are they whom God has guided, and those are the people of understanding."

الصف: «يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ ما لا تَفْعَلُونَ كَبُرَ مَقْتاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا ما لا تَفْعَلُونَ»(2 ، 3)

al-Saff: "O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do? It is most hateful in the sight of God that you should say what you do not do."

«1»- لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّادِقِ عليه السلام بِمَ يُعْرَفُ النَّاجِي فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ فِعْلُهُ لِقَوْلِهِ مُوَافِقاً فَهُوَ نَاجٍ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِعْلُهُ لِقَوْلِهِ مُوَافِقاً فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ مُسْتَوْدَعٌ ١.

Amali of al-Saduq: Al-Mufaddal b. 'Umar said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him: By what may the saved be known? He said: Whoever's deed accords with his word is saved, and whoever's deed does not accord with his word has only a borrowed faith.

بيان: المستودع بفتح الدال من استودع الإيمان أو العلم أياما ثم يسلب منه أي يتركه بأدنى فتنة.

"Al-mustawda'" is one with whom faith or knowledge is deposited for a few days and then is taken away — that is, he abandons it at the slightest trial.

«2»- لي، الأمالي للصدوق فِي كَلِمَاتِ الرَّسُولِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله زِينَةُ الْعِلْمِ الْإِحْسَانُ.

Amali of al-Saduq: Among the sayings of the Messenger of God — may God bless him and his family — is: The adornment of knowledge is kindly conduct.

«3»- فس، تفسير القمي فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فَكُبْكِبُوا فِيها هُمْ وَ الْغاوُونَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ عليه السلام نَزَلَتْ فِي قَوْمٍ وَصَفُوا عَدْلًا ثُمَّ خَالَفُوهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ.

Tafsir al-Qummi: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said concerning the verse "Then they shall be flung headlong into it, they and the deluded": This verse was revealed concerning a people who describe justice and in practice go against it.

«4»- وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: هُمْ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ وَ الْغاوُونَ بَنُو فُلَانٍ.

In another report it is said: By "they" are meant the Banu Umayya, and by "the deluded" the Banu So-and-so.

بيان: قال الجوهري كبه لوجهه أي صرعه و كبكبه أي كبه و منه قوله تعالی

Al-Jawhari said: "kabbahu li-wajhihi" means he threw him on his face; "kabkabahu" means he flung him down and hurled him. Of this sense is the noble verse