المراد بعثه في القيامة في زمرتهم لتشبهه بهم و إن لم يكن منهم و يطلق الفقيه غالبا في الأخبار على العالم العامل الخبير بعيوب النفس و آفاتها التارك للدنيا الزاهد فيها الراغب إلى ما عنده تعالى من نعيمه و قربه و وصاله و استدل بعض الأفاضل بهذا الخبر على حجية خبر الواحد و توجيهه ظاهر.

what is meant is that this person will be raised up on the Day of Resurrection in the company of the learned who act and of the jurists, because of his resemblance to them, even though he is not one of them. And "faqih" in the hadiths of the Infallibles is generally applied to a learned man who acts, who knows the defects of the soul and its afflictions, who abandons this world and is ascetic in it and desires what is with God of blessings, nearness to God and arrival at Him. And some eminent scholars have argued from this report for the authority of a solitary report, the explanation of which is evident.

باب 21 آداب الرواية

Chapter 21: The etiquette of relating hadith

الآيات؛

The verses

الحاقة: «وَ تَعِيَها أُذُنٌ واعِيَةٌ»(11)

al-Haqqa: "That We might make it a reminder for you and that attentive ears might retain it."

«1»- ختص، الإختصاص جَعْفَرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمُؤْمِنُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عليهما السلام فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَبَشِّرْ عِبادِ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ قَالَ هُمُ الْمُسَلِّمُونَ لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله إِذَا سَمِعُوا الْحَدِيثَ أَدَّوْهُ كَمَا سَمِعُوهُ لَا يَزِيدُونَ وَ لَا يَنْقُصُونَ.

Al-Ikhtisas: Abu Basir relates from Imam al-Baqir or Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon them both, that concerning the verse "So give good tidings to My servants who listen to the word and follow the best of it" he said: They are those who submit to the family of Muhammad; they relate a hadith just as they heard it and neither add to it nor subtract from it.

«2»- مُنْيَةُ الْمُرِيدِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام قَالَ: مَنْ أَرَادَ الْحَدِيثَ لِمَنْفَعَةِ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ نَصِيبٌ وَ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْرَ الْآخِرَةِ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ.

Munyat al-Murid: Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: Whoever seeks hadith for the sake of the benefit of this world will have no portion in the Hereafter; and whoever seeks by hadith the good of the Hereafter, God will give him the good of this world and the next.

«3»- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي حَمَّوَيْهِ ١ عَنْ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي خَلِيفَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله مَنْ رَوَی عَنِّي حَدِيثاً وَ هُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ كَذِبٌ فَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْكَاذِبِينَ.

Amali of al-Shaykh al-Tusi: Samura says: The Prophet said: Whoever relates from us a hadith which he knows to be a lie will himself be one of the liars.

بيان: يدل على عدم جواز رواية الخبر الذي علم أنه كذب و إن أسنده إلى راويه.

Elucidation: This hadith indicates the unlawfulness of relating a false report which you know to be false, even if you ascribe it to its narrator.

«4»- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِی عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْكَذِبَ الْمُفْتَرَعَ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا الْكَذِبُ الْمُفْتَرَعُ قَالَ أَنْ يُحَدِّثَكَ الرَّجُلُ بِالْحَدِيثِ فَتَرْوِيَهُ عَنْ غَيْرِ الَّذِي حَدَّثَكَ بِهِ.

Ma'ani al-Akhbar: Muhammad b. 'Ali related from Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, that he said: Beware of the fabricated and sprouting lie. It was said: What is the fabricated lie? He said: It is that a man relates a hadith to you and you relate that hadith from someone else without ascribing it to him.

بيان: لم وصف هذا النوع من الكذب بالمفترع قيل لأنه حاجز بين الرجل و بين قبول روايته من فرع فلان بين الشيئين إذا حجز بينهما و قيل لأنه يريد أن

Elucidation: Why has this kind of lie been described as "muftari'"? In explaining the name the following possibilities have been given: 1. Because these words are a barrier between a man and the acceptance of his narration. "Muftari'" is from "fara'a fulanun bayna al-shay'ayn", said when there is a barrier between two things. 2. Because that person, by dropping the intermediaries,