تعلقها بالقلب أكثر من سائر الأعضاء أو لتقلب أحواله و تفصيل الكلام في هذا الخبر سيأتي في كتاب السماء و العالم.

its attachment to the heart is greater than to the rest of the limbs; or on account of the turning about of its states. And the detailed discussion of this report will come in the Book of the Heaven and the World.

«14»- ع، علل الشرائع بِإِسْنَادِهِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عليهما السلام أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى اللّٰه عليه و آله سُئِلَ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْعَقْلَ قَالَ خَلْقُهُ مَلَكٌ لَهُ رُءُوسٌ بِعَدَدِ الْخَلَائِقِ مَنْ خُلِقَ وَ مَنْ يُخْلَقُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لِكُلِّ رَأْسٍ وَجْهٌ وَ لِكُلِّ آدَمِيٍّ رَأْسٌ مِنْ رُءُوسِ الْعَقْلِ وَ اسْمُ ذَلِكَ الْإِنْسَانِ عَلَى وَجْهِ ذَلِكَ الرَّأْسِ مَكْتُوبٌ وَ عَلَى كُلِّ وَجْهٍ سِتْرٌ مُلْقًى لَا يُكْشَفُ ذَلِكَ السِّتْرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ حَتَّى يُولَدَ هَذَا الْمَوْلُودُ وَ يَبْلُغَ حَدَّ الرِّجَالِ أَوْ حَدَّ النِّسَاءِ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ كُشِفَ ذَلِكَ السِّتْرُ فَيَقَعُ فِي قَلْبِ هَذَا الْإِنْسَانِ نُورٌ فَيَفْهَمُ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَ السُّنَّةَ وَ الْجَيِّدَ وَ الرَّدِي ءَ أَلَا وَ مَثَلُ الْعَقْلِ فِي الْقَلْبِ كَمَثَلِ السِّرَاجِ فِي وَسَطِ الْبَيْتِ.

«14»- 'a, 'Ilal al-Shara'i', by his 'Alawi chain, from 'Ali b. Abi Talib, peace be upon them both, that the Prophet — may God bless him and his family — was asked: From what did God, Almighty and Glorious, create the intellect? He said: Its creation is an angel having heads to the number of the created beings — those who have been created and those who will be created until the Day of Resurrection. Every head has a face, and every human being has a head among the heads of the intellect, and the name of that person is written upon the face of that head. Upon every face is a veil cast down; and that veil is not lifted from that face until this child is born and reaches the limit of men or the limit of women. And when he reaches it, that veil is lifted, and a light falls into the heart of this person, so that he understands the obligation and the practice, the good and the bad. Indeed, the likeness of the intellect in the heart is as the likeness of the lamp in the middle of the house.

بسط كلام لتوضيح مرام اعلم أن فهم أخبار أبواب العقل يتوقف على بيان ماهية العقل و اختلاف الآراء و المصطلحات فيه فنقول إن العقل هو تعقل الأشياء و فهمها في أصل اللغة و اصطلح إطلاقه على أمور الأول هو قوة إدراك الخير و الشر و التمييز بينهما و التمكن من معرفة أسباب الأمور و ذوات الأسباب و ما يؤدي إليها و ما يمنع منها و العقل بهذا المعنى مناط التكليف و الثواب و العقاب.

An extended discourse to clarify an intent: Know that the understanding of the reports of the chapters on the intellect depends upon an exposition of the quiddity of the intellect and of the differing opinions and technical usages concerning it. So we say: the intellect, in the root of the language, is the intellecting of things and the understanding of them; and its application has been technically fixed upon several matters. The first: it is the power of perceiving good and evil and of distinguishing between them, and the capacity to know the causes of things and the things possessed of causes, and what leads to them and what prevents them. And the intellect in this sense is the criterion of legal obligation, of reward and of punishment.

الثاني ملكة و حالة في النفس تدعو إلى اختيار الخير و النفع و اجتناب الشرور و المضار و بها تقوى النفس على زجر الدواعي الشهوانية و الغضبية و الوساوس الشيطانية و هل هذا هو الكامل من الأول أم هو صفة أخرى و حالة مغايرة للأولى يحتملهما و ما يشاهد في أكثر الناس من حكمهم بخيرية بعض الأمور مع عدم إتيانهم بها و بشرية بعض الأمور مع كونهم مولعين بها يدل على أن هذه الحالة غير العلم بالخير و الشر.

The second: a settled disposition and state in the soul that calls to the choosing of good and benefit and the avoiding of evils and harms; and by it the soul is strengthened to restrain the promptings of appetite and of anger and the whisperings of Satan. And is this the complete degree of the first, or is it another attribute and a state distinct from the first? Both are possible. And what is observed in most people — their judging some matters to be good while not performing them, and some matters to be evil while being addicted to them — indicates that this state is other than the knowledge of good and evil.