جميع التكاليف و الاستنكاف الاستكبار و قد سمى اللّٰه تعالى ترك الدعاء استكبارا فقال إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبادَتِي ١و الفرح ترك الحزن مما فات عنه من الدنيا أو البشاشة من الإخوان قوله الألفة و ضدها الفرقة في بعض النسخ العصبية و كونها ضد الألفة لأنها توجب المنازعة و اللجاج و العناد الموجبة لرفع الألفة و تفصيل هذه الخصال و تحقيقها سيأتي إن شاء اللّٰه تعالى في أبواب المكارم.
all the obligations. And disdaining is being proud; and God the Exalted has named the abandoning of supplication pride, saying: "Surely those who are too proud for My worship" (1). And gladness is the leaving of sorrow over what has escaped him of the world, or cheerfulness towards the brethren. His words "and fellowship, and its opposite separation" — in some copies it is "partisan zeal"; and its being the opposite of fellowship is because it entails dispute, obstinacy and stubbornness, which bring about the removal of fellowship. And the detailing of these qualities and their verification will come, if God the Exalted wills, in the chapters on noble character.
«8»- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الْعَقْلُ قَالَ مَا عُبِدَ بِهِ الرَّحْمَنُ وَ اكْتُسِبَ بِهِ الْجِنَانُ ٢قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالَّذِي كَانَ فِي مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ تِلْكَ النَّكْرَاءُ وَ تِلْكَ الشَّيْطَنَةُ وَ هِيَ شَبِيهَةٌ بِالْعَقْلِ وَ لَيْسَتْ بِعَقْلٍ.
«8»- m', Ma'ani al-Akhbar: my father, from Muhammad al-'Attar, from al-Ash'ari, from Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Jabbar, from some of our companions, raising it to Abu 'Abd Allah, peace be upon him, who said: I said to him: What is the intellect? He said: That by which the Merciful is worshipped and by which the gardens are earned (2). He said: I said: Then what was that which was in Mu'awiya? He said: That is cunning, and that is devilry; and it is like the intellect, but it is not intellect.
سن، المحاسن الأشعري مثله بيان النكراء الدهاء و الفطنة و جودة الرأي و إذا استعمل في مشتهيات جنود الجهل يقال له الشيطنة و لذا فسره عليه السلام بها و هذه إما قوة أخرى غير العقل أو القوة العقلية و إذا استعملت في هذه الأمور الباطلة و كملت في ذلك تسمى بالشيطنة و لا تسمى بالعقل في عرف الشرع و قد مر بيانه.
sn, al-Mahasin: al-Ash'ari, the like of it. Elucidation: al-nakra' is shrewdness, acuteness and soundness of judgement; and when it is employed in the objects of desire of the hosts of ignorance it is called devilry, and for that reason he, peace be upon him, explained it by it. And this is either another power besides the intellect, or the intellectual power — and when it is employed in these false matters and is perfected in that, it is named devilry and is not named intellect in the usage of the sacred law. And its exposition has already passed.
«9»- مع، معاني الأخبار سُئِلَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام فَقِيلَ لَهُ مَا الْعَقْلُ قَالَ التَّجَرُّعُ لِلْغُصَّةِ حَتَّى تُنَالَ الْفُرْصَةُ.
«9»- m', Ma'ani al-Akhbar: al-Hasan b. 'Ali, peace be upon him, was asked, and it was said to him: What is the intellect? He said: The swallowing down of what chokes, until the opportunity is attained.
بيان: الغصة بالضم ما يعترض في الحلق و تعسر إساغته ٣و يطلق مجازا على الشدائد التي يشق على الإنسان تحملها و هو المراد هنا و تجرعه كناية عن تحمله و عدم القيام بالانتقام به و تداركه حتى تنال الفرصة فإن التدارك قبل ذلك لا ينفع سوى الفضيحة و شدة البلاء و كثرة الهم.
Elucidation: al-ghussa, with damma, is what lodges in the throat and is hard to swallow (3); and it is applied figuratively to the hardships that a man finds it hard to bear, and that is what is meant here. And the swallowing of it is a figure for the bearing of it and for not undertaking vengeance for it and the setting of it right until the opportunity is attained — for the setting of it right before that profits nothing but disgrace, the intensity of the trial and the abundance of care.
«10»- مع، معاني الأخبار فِي أَسْئِلَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عليه السلام يَا بُنَيَّ مَا الْعَقْلُ قَالَ حِفْظُ قَلْبِكَ مَا اسْتُوْدِعَهُ قَالَ فَمَا الْجَهْلُ قَالَ سُرْعَةُ الْوُثُوبِ عَلَى الْفُرْصَةِ قَبْلَ الِاسْتِمْكَانِ مِنْهَا
«10»- m', Ma'ani al-Akhbar, in the questions of the Commander of the Faithful to al-Hasan, peace be upon him: My son, what is the intellect? He said: Your heart's keeping of what is deposited with it. He said: Then what is ignorance? He said: Swiftness in leaping upon the opportunity before the mastery of it