أقول: فسر في بعض أخبارنا الصرف بالتوبة و العدل بالفداء كما سيأتي.

I say: al-sarf has been explained in some of our reports as repentance and al-'adl as ransom, as will come.

يَا هِشَامُ أَفْضَلُ مَا تَقَرَّبَ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى اللَّهِ بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ تَرْكُ الْحَسَدِ وَ الْعُجْبِ وَ الْفَخْرِ.

Hisham, the most excellent thing by which the servant draws near to God, after the knowledge of Him, is prayer, and dutifulness to parents, and the leaving of envy, of self-admiration and of boasting.

بيان: يمكن إدخال جميع العقائد الضرورية في المعرفة لا سيما مع عدم الظرف كما ورد في الأخبار الكثيرة بدونه.

Elucidation: it is possible to bring all the necessary beliefs into "the knowledge", especially with the absence of the adverbial phrase, as has come in many reports without it.

يَا هِشَامُ أَصْلَحُ أَيَّامِكَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَمَامَكَ فَانْظُرْ أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ وَ أَعِدَّ لَهُ الْجَوَابَ فَإِنَّكَ مَوْقُوفٌ وَ مَسْئُولٌ وَ خُذْ مَوْعِظَتَكَ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ وَ أَهْلِهِ فَإِنَّ الدَّهْرَ طَوِيلَةٌ قَصِيرَةٌ فَاعْمَلْ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَى ثَوَابَ عَمَلِكَ لِتَكُونَ أَطْمَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ اعْقِلْ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَ انْظُرْ فِي تَصَرُّفِ الدَّهْرِ وَ أَحْوَالِهِ فَإِنَّ مَا هُوَ آتٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا وَلَّى مِنْهَا فَاعْتَبِرْ بِهَا وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ عليهما السلام إِنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ فِي مَشَارِقِ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَغَارِبِهَا بَحْرِهَا وَ بَرِّهَا وَ سَهْلِهَا وَ جَبَلِهَا عِنْدَ وَلِيٍّ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ وَ أَهْلِ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِحَقِّ اللَّهِ كَفَىْ ءِ الظِّلَالِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ وَ لَا حُرٌّ يَدَعُ هَذِهِ اللُّمَاظَةَ لِأَهْلِهَا يَعْنِي الدُّنْيَا فَلَيْسَ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ثَمَنٌ إِلَّا الْجَنَّةُ فَلَا تَبِيعُوهَا بِغَيْرِهَا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ رَضِيَ مِنَ اللَّهِ بِالدُّنْيَا فَقَدْ رَضِيَ بِالْخَسِيسِ.

Hisham, the most fitting of your days is the one that is before you; so look what day it is and prepare for it the answer, for you will be halted and questioned. And take your admonition from time and its people, for time is long and short. And work as though you see the reward of your work, that you may be the more eager for that. And understand from God, and look into the turning of time and its states; for what is coming of this world is like what has passed away of it — so take a lesson from it. And 'Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be upon them both, said: All that the sun rises upon in the easts of the earth and its wests, its sea and its land, its plain and its mountain, is, with a friend among the friends of God and the people of the knowledge of God's due, like the shade of shadows. Then he said: Is there no free man who will leave this leaving-in-the-mouth to its people? — meaning this world. Your souls have no price save the Garden; so do not sell them for anything else. For whoever is content with this world from God has been content with the base.

بيان: طول الدهر في نفسها لا ينافي قصرها بالنسبة إلى كل شخص أي خذ موعظتك من الدهور الماضية و الأزمان الخالية و يحتمل أن يكون عمر كل شخص باعتبارين.

Elucidation: the length of time in itself does not conflict with its shortness in relation to each person — that is, take your admonition from the ages past and the times gone by. And it is possible that it is the life of each person in two respects.

و قال الفيروزآبادي الظل بالكسر نقيض الضح أو هو الفي ء أو هو بالغداة و الفي ء بالعشي الجمع ظلال و ظلول ١و أظلال و الظل من كل شي ء شخصه أو كنه ٢و من السحاب ما وارى الشمس منه و الظلة ما أظلك من شجر و الظلة بالضم ما يستظل به و الجمع ظلل و ظلال و قال الفي ء ما كان شمسا فينسخه الظل و قال الطيبي الظل ما تنسخه الشمس و الفي ء ما ينسخ الشمس أقول فيحتمل أن يكون المراد في الأشياء ذوات الأظلال كالشجر و الجدار و نحوهما أو المراد التشبيه بالفي ء الذي هو نوع من الظلال فإن الفي ء لحدوثه أشبه بالدنيا من سائر الظلال أو لما فيه

And al-Firuzabadi said: al-zill, with kasra, is the opposite of sunlight; or it is al-fay'; or it is in the morning and al-fay' in the evening; its plural is zilal and zulul (1) and azlal. And the zill of everything is its figure, or its covering (2). And of the cloud, what veils the sun of it. And al-zulla is what shades you of a tree; and al-zulla, with damma, is what one shelters under, and the plural is zulal and zilal. And he said: al-fay' is what was sunlight and the shade supersedes it. And al-Tibi said: al-zill is what the sun supersedes, and al-fay' is what supersedes the sun. I say: so it is possible that what is meant is among the things that have shadows, such as the tree, the wall and the like; or what is meant is the likening to al-fay', which is a kind of shadow — for al-fay', by its coming into being, is more like this world than the rest of shadows; or for what is in it